I studied the Southeast Asian clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) and the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) found in Sumatra and Borneo for comparison of their fur patterns, habitat, movement, and distribution, and chronology of reported sightings to re-explore the legend of Formosan clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa brachyura) in Taiwan. The image of the clouded leopard is supplemented by the attribution of “Human-Beast shaped Jade” (人獸形玉玦) and the folktales of Rukai and Paiwan aboriginal people. Furthermore, the report by Robert Swinhoe (1836-1877) presented in 1862 at the London International Exhibition on Industry and Art, titled “On the Mammals of the Island of Formosa”, provided a scientific nomenclature for a rare, Formosan species of clouded leopard.